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SCIENTISTS SAY THEY CAN MAKE ZERO-EMISSION CEMENT - FRANCE
SCIENTISTS SAY THEY CAN MAKE ZERO-EMISSION CEMENT - FRANCE
PARIS
Researchers say they are a step closer to solving one of the trickiest problems in tackling climate change -- how to keep making cement despite its enormous carbon footprint.
In a world first, engineers from Britain's University of Cambridge have shown that cement can be recycled without the same steep cost to the environment as making it from scratch.
Cement binds concrete together but the whitish powder is highly carbon-intensive to produce, with the sector generating more than triple the emissions of global air travel.
Demand for concrete -- already the most widely used construction material on Earth -- is soaring, but the notoriously polluting industry has struggled to produce it in a less harmful way to the climate.
The team at Cambridge believes it has a solution, pioneering a method that tweaks an existing process for steel manufacturing to produce recycled cement without the associated CO2 pollution.
This discovery, published in the journal Nature, could provoke "an absolutely massive change" by providing low-cost and low-emission cement at scale, said Julian Allwood, who co-authored the research.
"It is an extremely exciting project... I think it's going to have a huge impact," said Allwood, an expert on industrial emissions and key contributor to reports from the U.N.'s scientific panel on climate change.
To produce cement, the basic ingredient in concrete, limestone must be fired in kilns at very high temperatures usually achieved by burning fossil fuels like coal.
On top of that, limestone produces significant additional CO2 when heated.
The cement industry alone accounts for nearly eight percent of human-caused CO2 emissions -- more than any country except China and the United States.
Some 14 billion cubic meters of concrete are cast every year, according to industry figures, and more still will be needed as economies and cities grow in future.
The International Energy Agency says that if emissions from the cement industry continue to increase, a pledge of carbon neutrality by 2050 will almost certainly remain out of reach.
Many efforts to produce low-carbon or so-called "green cement" are too expensive or difficult to deploy at scale, rely on unproven technologies, or don't come near zero emissions.
The Cambridge researchers approached the problem by looking at an industry that was already well established -- steel recycling, which uses electric-powered furnaces to produce the alloy.
They substituted a key ingredient in that process with old cement sourced from demolished buildings, Allwood said.
Instead of waste being produced, the end result was recycled cement ready for use in concrete, bypassing the emissions-heavy process of superheating limestone in kilns.
This method -- which has a patent pending -- was "a very low disruption innovation" requiring little change or additional cost on the part of business, Allwood said.
If powered by renewable energy, he said, these furnaces could hope to produce zero-emission concrete at scale.
"Once the electricity has no emissions, then our process would have no emissions," Allwood said.
Countries could not hope to bring CO2 emissions to zero by 2050 -- the key pledge of the Paris climate agreement -- using concrete as it exists today, he added.
"This is the big bright hope, I think," Allwood said.
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@Jackie San
2024年5月23日木曜日
CAN FORESTS BE MORE PROFITABLE THAN BEEF NOW A DAY?
CAN FORESTS BE MORE PROFITABLE THAN BEEF NOW A DAY?
MARACAÇUMÉ, Brazil – The residents of Maracaçumé, an impoverished town on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, are mystified by the company that recently bought the biggest ranch in the region. How can it possibly make money by planting trees, which executives say they’ll never cut down, on pastureland where cattle have been grazing for decades?
“We are killing pasture that a lot of farmers need,” said Josias Araújo, a former cowboy who now works in reforestation, as he stood on a patch of soil he was helping to fertilize. “It’s all strange.”
The new company, which is also Araújo’s new employer, is a forest restoration business called Re.green. Its aim, along with a handful of other companies, is to create a whole new industry that can make standing trees, which store planet-warming carbon, more lucrative than the world’s biggest driver of deforestation: cattle ranching.
It’s the holy grail of the forest economy. And now it might be within reach.
The stakes are high. About one-fifth of the great rainforest is already gone. And scientists warn that rising global temperatures could push the entire ecosystem, a trove of biodiversity and a crucial regulator of the world’s climate, to collapse in the coming decades unless deforestation is halted and an area the size of Germany is restored.
Re.green plans to restore native trees in deforested areas and sell credits that correspond to the carbon they lock away. Those trees will be protected, not logged. Then, businesses will use those credits to offset their own greenhouse gases in emissions accounting.
The bet hinges on the success of a system that’s being built from scratch and comes with some big challenges. Measuring the carbon held in trees and soil is complex. And many conservationists worry that carbon credits could easily be abused by companies that want to appear environmentally conscious while sticking with fossil fuels.
Still, reforestation projects have created a buzz in the northern Amazon, where companies are rushing to buy up big plots of land with restoration potential.
“You know that people who handle cattle don’t care much about this reforestation stuff,” said Anderson Pina Farias, a rancher whose farm is almost completely deforested. But, he added, “if selling carbon is better than ranching, we can change businesses.”
Challenging an Empire
A backlash from nature seems to be helping the restoration companies win hearts and minds in a region where ranching culture runs deep.
Jose Villeigagnon Rabelo, the mayor of Mãe do Rio, a city in the northeastern part of the Amazon, is worried. A brutal drought fuelled by climate change and deforestation has recently dried out much of the grass that ranchers there use as feed. And after decades of pounding by hooves, millions of acres across the region have become so degraded, they can’t nourish much of anything.
“The cattle are starving,” Mr Rabelo said sitting in his office, with wooden paneling and benches made of angelim-vermelho, a tree that’s become hard to find in the region. “We’ve never had a summer like this.”
The crisis has prompted ranchers to dedicate bigger and bigger parts of their farms to feed ever-shrinking numbers of cattle. Now fewer than half of the ranches registered with the city have any cattle on them.
But around a year ago, a restoration company called Mombak started a 7,500-acre (3,035 hectares) project on one of the region’s biggest ranches. Mr Rabelo said he is hopeful the new industry will offer the community a lifeline.
The idea is simple: A credit for each tonne of carbon dioxide that the trees pull out of the atmosphere can be sold to companies that want to compensate for their own pollution.
Environmental disruptions, combined with growing interest in carbon credits, have created an opening to challenge the beef empire’s hold on vast stretches of the rainforest, experts say. According to a 2023 report by BloombergNEF, carbon markets could be valued at US$1 trillion (S$1.36 trillion) by 2037, double what the global beef market is worth now.
Growing a large, biodiverse forest on degraded land can cost tens of millions of dollars. For years, forestry projects had to rely on multiple revenue streams, including sustainable timber harvesting, to restore soil and grow different types of natives trees.
But companies looking to burnish their climate credentials are increasingly willing to spend more to fund projects they deem to be high-quality. It’s why companies like Mombak and Re.green are now developing a business model that relies almost solely on carbon credits, with little or no logging.
Microsoft has bought a major project from Mombak, and Re.green said it expects to announce buyers soon. The two companies have raised about US$200 million from investors – including large pension funds, the Brazilian Development Bank and global asset managers – to reforest hundreds of thousands of acres by the end of the decade.
“Scaling all of the other carbon-removal sectors, it’s just going to move too slow,” said Brian Marrs, Microsoft’s senior director of energy and carbon. “I don’t think there’s a solution to carbon removal without global forestry included.”
Part of the strategy of companies like Mombak and Re.green is to help farmers improve land and intensify cattle ranching in some degraded areas while restoring forests on others. On average, Amazon ranches support one animal on every 2 acres. That could rise to three animals with little investment, researchers say.
Most projects employ a few dozen local people to plant trees, fertilize the soil and stand lookout for fires. The companies are also funding and training local businesses to provide much-needed native seeds and seedlings.
In some projects, as the forests grow, local communities can also make a living from collecting and processing Brazil nuts, andiroba oil and other forest products they can sell to food, beauty and pharmaceutical companies.
When a standing forest becomes an answer to people’s range of needs, that becomes a powerful reason for communities to protect it, said Luiza Maia de Castro, an economist who is managing community relations for Re.green. Right now, razing trees is a perfectly acceptable livelihood in most of the Amazon.
“To break that cycle,” she said, “you have to change how people make a living.”
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2024年5月13日月曜日
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DOZENS DEAD IN HANOI APARTMENT FIRE - VIETNAM
DOZENS DEAD IN HANOI APARTMENT FIRE - VIETNAM
HANOI: Dozens of people have been killed after a huge fire at an apartment block in Vietnamese capital Hanoi, state media said Wednesday.
The fire started just before midnight on Tuesday (1700 GMT) in the parking floor of the 10-storey building, witnesses said, an area packed with residents' motorbikes.
"Authorities have rescued about 70 people, rushing to hospital 54 people, including dozens of dead," the official Vietnam News Agency said.
"This is a very serious fire," the statement said.
The blaze was out on Wednesday morning, although workers continued searching for survivors.
Rescuers struggled to access the building, in a highly residential area of southwest Hanoi, located down a narrow alley.
"We could not help them much," a woman, who gave only one name Hoa and lives near the block, told AFP at the site.
"The apartment is so closed with no escape route, impossible for the victims to get out."
It comes a year after a blaze in a three-storey karaoke bar in commercial centre Ho Chi Minh City killed 32 people.
As many as 17 people were also injured in that fire, with the owner arrested on charges related to breaching fire prevention regulations.
Vietnam has experienced several deadly fires in recent years, frequently at entertainment venues like popular karaoke bars.
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2023年8月8日火曜日
TWO PLANNES BUMP INTO EACH OTHER AT TOKYO'S HANEDA AIRPORT - JAPAN
TWO PLANNES BUMP INTO EACH OTHER AT TOKYO'S HANEDA AIRPORT - JAPAN
TOKYO
Two passenger planes came into contact at Tokyo's Haneda airport Saturday morning, leading to the temporary closure of one of its four runways, the Japanese transport ministry said.
While no injuries were reported as a result of the incident that occurred on a taxiway at around 11 a.m., Thai Airways confirmed that a winglet on its plane had been damaged. The closed runway resumed operation after about 2 hours.
The Thai Airways flight was carrying around 260 passengers, while the other plane operated by Taiwan's Eva Airways had about 200 people on board, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Inbound and outbound flights managed by other airlines including All Nippon Airways Co and Japan Airlines Co were also delayed.
A passenger on the Eva Airways flight told reporters that there was an "impact" as the plane was waiting to depart, noting how "part of the wing of the nearby Thai Airways plane was chipped."
But the overall atmosphere inside the aircraft remained calm, despite people aboard being confined for an extended period of time, the passenger added.
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2023年2月26日日曜日
EARTHQUAKE KILLS MORE THAN 3,800 PEOPLE IN TURKEY & SYRIA
EARTHQUAKE KILLS MORE THAN 3,800 PEOPLE IN TURKEY & SYRIA
SANLIURFA, TURKEY (FEBRUARY 07, 2023) : A major earthquake struck Turkey and Syria on Tuesday, February 07, 2023, killing more than 3,800 people and flattening thousands of buildings as rescuers dug with bare hands for survivors.
Dozens of nations pledged aid after the 7.8-magnitude quake, which hit as people were still sleeping and amid freezing weather that has hampered emergency efforts.
Multi-storey apartment buildings full of residents were among the 5,606 structures reduced to rubble in Turkey, while Syria announced dozens of collapses, as well as damage to archaelogocial sites in Aleppo.
" That was the first time we have ever experienced anything like that," said Melisa Salman, a 23-year-old reporter in the southeastern Turkish city of Kahramanmaras.
" We thought it was the apocalypse."
The head of Syria's National Earthquake Centre, Raed Ahmed, called it "THE BIGGEST EARTHQUAKE RECORDED IN THE HISTORY OF THE CENTRE".
The initial quake was followed by dozens of aftershocks, including a 7.5-magnitude tremor that jolted the region in the middle of search and rescue work on February 07, 2023.
" We managed to save three people, but two were dead," said Halis AKtemur, 35, in Turkey's southeastern city of Diyarbakir after the quake that was felt as far away as Greenland.
In the southeastern Turkish city of Sanliurfa, rescuers were working into the night to try and pull survivors from the wreckage of a seven-storey building that had collapsed.
" There is a family I know under the rubble," said 20-year-old Syrian student Omer El Cuneyd.
" Until 11.00am or noon, my friend was still answering the phone. But she no longer answer. She is down there."
Despite temperatures falling below zero, frightened residents in the city were preparing to spend the night on the streets, huddling around fires for warmth.
Nearby, Mustafa Koyuncu was sitting packed inside his stationary car with his wife and their five children, scared to move.
" We are waiting here because we can't go home,"the 55-year-old told AFP. "EVERYONE IS AFRAID".
' APOCALYPSE '
At least 1,444 people died on February 07, 2023 across Syria, the government and rescuers said.
The new toll brings the total deaths in both countries to at least 3,823 after Turkey revised its toll earlier to 2,379.
Nearly 14,500 people were injured and 4,900 buildings flattened, Ankara announced late on that day.
Turkey declared seven days (7-days) of mourning for the dead.
The rescue was being hampered by a winter blizzard that covered major roads in ice and snow. Officials said the quake made three major airports in the area inoperable, further complicating delivers of vital aid.
On that day, first earthquake struck at 4.17am (0117 GMT) at a depth of about 18 kilometres (11 miles) near the Turkish city of Gaziantep, which is home to around two million people, the United States Geological Survey said.
Denmark's geological institute said tremors reached the east coast of Greenland about eight minutes after the main quake struck Turkey.
More than 12,000 people are injured in Turkey, the disaster management agency said, while Syria said at least 3,411 people were injured.
' PEOPLE UNDER DEBRIS '
Osama Abdel Hamid, a quake survivor in Syria, said his family was sleeping when the shaking began.
" The walls collapsed over us, but my son was able to get out," he said.
" He started screaming and people gathered around, knowing there were survivors, and they pulled us out from under the rubble."
The United States, the European Union and Russia all immediately sent condolences and offers of help.
Ukranian President Volodymyr Zelensky offered to provide " the necessary assistance" to Turkey, whose combat drones are helping Kyiv fight the Russian invasion.
Images on Turkish television showed rescuers digging through rubble across neighbourhoods of almost all the big cities running along the border with Syria.
Some of the heaviest devastation occurred near the quake's epicentre between Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep, where entire city blocks lay in ruins under gathering snow.
A famous mosque dating back to the 13th century partially collapsed in the province of Maltaya, along with a 14-story building with 28 apartments that housed 92 people.
The United Nation cultural agency Unesco expressed fears over heavy damage in two cities on its heritage list - Aleppo in Syria and Diyarbakir in Turkey.
Aleppo was Syria's pre-war commercial hub and considered one of the world's longest continuously inhabited cities, boasting markets, mosques, caravanserais, and public baths, but a brutal siege imposed on rebels left it disfigured.
POWER OUTAGES
The Syrian health ministry reported damage across the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama and Tartus, where Russia is leasing a naval facility.
AFP correspondents in northern Syria said terrified residents ran out of their homes after the ground shook.
Even before the tragedy, buildings in Aleppo - Syria's pre-war commercial hub - often collapsed due to the dilapidated infrastructure, which has suffered from lack of war-time oversight.
Officials cut off natural gas and power supplies across the region as a precaution, also closing schools for two weeks.
Turkey is in one of the world's active earthquake zones.
The country's last 7.8-magnitude tremor was in 1939, when 33,000 died in the eastern Erzincan province.
The Turkish region of Duzce suffered a 7.4-magnitude earthquake in 1999, when more than 17,000 people died.
Experts have long warned a large quake could devastate Istanbul, a megalopolis of 16 million people filled with rickety homes.
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2023年1月29日日曜日
FIRST NEPAL PLANE CRASH VICTIM NAMED AS BLOGGER WHOSE FINAL POST WAS SELFIE IN HER SEAT ATR 72
FIRST NEPAL PLANE CRASH VICTIM NAMED AS BLOGGER WHOSE FINAL POST WAS SELFIE IN HER SEAT ATR 72
THE FIRST VICTIM OF THE DEVASTATING NEPAL PLANE CRASH HAS BEEN PICTURED !
Moscow travel blogger Elena Banduro, 33-years-old uploaded an excited post about her trip just moments before the tragic flight came down as it approached Pokhara International Airport in the South Asian country on January 15, 2023.
Taking an image of herself on the plane, she captioned it wit " GO TO NEPAL " in English.
Her social media was that day full of messages of condolences, and she was described as " THE BRIGHTEST, KINDEST SOULD WE KNEW ".
The tragic blogger worked as a social media manager and travelled widely.
Three other Russians died on the flight, named as Viktoria Altunina, Yuri Lugin and Viktor Lagin.
" Unfortunately, four citizens of the Russian Federation died," he said.
" We are in constant contact with the Nepalese authorities and will provide all necessary assistance to the relatives of the dead Russians.
A total of 15 foreigners were among the 72 on board the stricken aircraft, including five Indians, four Russians, two South Koreans and one each from Argentina and France.
The passenger list included an Irish citizen, as well as an Australian.
Earlier morning on January 15, 2023 a distressing video showed the moment the plane lost control in mid-air just seconds before it crashed.
The low-flying plane ATR-72 twin engine turboprop plane en route from Kathmandu to Pokhara was seen on the video lurching to the right and apparently overturning as in hit the ground:
The footage filmed from a terrace including the noise of the moment of impact after the aircraft came down behind the building.
There was an explosion and huge flames at the crash site.
Thick some rose from the wreckage.
Reports said the aircraft crashed into forested land on the banks of the Seti Gandaki River.
It is believed there were 68 passengers and four crew on board the flight.
Dozens of corpses were pulled out of the wreckage.
" We expect to recover more bodies, " said army spokesman Krishna Bhandari.
" The plane has broken into pieces."
Flying conditions appeared good at the time the plane came down.
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